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Author Topic: Soviet/ Russian Military Airstrips, Taxiways and Ramps  (Read 6831 times)

Offline Niko

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Soviet/ Russian Military Airstrips, Taxiways and Ramps
« on: July 20, 2011, 11:11:13 AM »
This is one very interesting field, relatively low covered on the net, but could be very interesting for modelers and diorama builders. Unlike their western counterparts Soviet Union have had several different types of concrete based covers for their airstrips, taxiways, aprons and ramps.

There are five different types of concrete plates that have been or are still in use for that purpose.

Special thanks to Mr. Alexander Vanichkin and Mr. Alexander Danilin, former members of Soviet Air Force, for great help and for providing me the valuable information and material on this thematic.


1. Hexagonal concrete plates

The oldest type of plates used on military airports were Hexagonal concrete plates. Origin of this plates stretching back, in time of WWII when Luftwaffe during the attack on USSR have build the numerous airfields on then Soviet territory. Germans had used the hexagonal concrete plates as very flexible and versatile way for building Airstrips in short period of time. The size of the plates allowed them to cast the plates on the building spot and in that way they managed to fulfill their needs. Second, this kind of airstrips have proved reliable as they allowed much easier and faster damage repair.
This was very flexible technology, very eligible in the after war period. Soviet Union has adopted this technology and have started to build their Airstrips by using hexagonal plates. Probably the most famous air bases with this kind of of plates were Kubinka and Tushino.

Here is one photo of Su-7B from 274. Fighter-Bomber Regiment,  Kubinka 1969.

And another of MiG-21PFM from Kubinka in 1967.

Tushino Air Parade 1961 video and clearly visible hexagonal plates on runway.

Воздушный парад 1961 года Small | Large



It is interesting that this type of plates still exists on some Airfields' Taxiways and Ramps, and we can see even the modern Su-27 on this kind of base.


Plates installation is done in such a way that the distance between plates have to be 6-7mm and under any circumstances no more that 10mm. Space between the plates is filled with bitumen of specific type. Dimension of the plates and the proper way of the plates deployment as well as the layout are showed on the following drawings.



Similar type still exists in Bulgarian Air Bases, with difference that Bulgarian plates width is 3m.

« Last Edit: December 25, 2011, 04:52:00 PM by Niko »
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Offline Niko

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Re: Soviet/ Russian Military Airstrips, Taxiways and Ramps
« Reply #1 on: July 20, 2011, 11:43:53 AM »
2. Rectangular concrete plates 4x6m

The second type of plates, the plates that were in some instance, replaced Hexagonal plates. These plates are steel reinforced, far stronger and more durable and therefore more customized for new generation of higher performance and weight aircraft. The plates were 12cm thick and must be installed with a gap between the plates of 6-7mm and not greater than 10mm.
Space between the plates is filled with bitumen of specific type. Deployment arrangement is given in the next drawing.


« Last Edit: December 25, 2011, 04:53:12 PM by Niko »
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Offline Niko

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Re: Soviet/ Russian Military Airstrips, Taxiways and Ramps
« Reply #2 on: July 20, 2011, 02:07:06 PM »
3. Rectangular concrete plates 5x10m

This is another type of steel reinforced concrete plates, but not so massively used. The plates layout and actual photo is available below.


« Last Edit: December 25, 2011, 05:03:44 PM by Niko »
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Offline Niko

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Re: Soviet/ Russian Military Airstrips, Taxiways and Ramps
« Reply #3 on: July 20, 2011, 04:53:56 PM »
4. Square concrete plates 5x5m

This type of concrete plates was and still is very widely used type of concrete plates. Steel reinforced as well, were quickly became the one of the most important type used in Soviet Air Force, before the latest and modern PAG-14, PAG-18 and PAG-20 plates were introduced. This kind of plates were widely accepted by most of the Warsaw Pact countries. It is still in use and will remain in use in the future.
The plates were 12cm thick as well and must be installed with a gap between the plates of 6-7mm and not greater than 10mm.
Space between the plates is filled with bitumen of specific type


Rostov Airfield have very interesting mix of square 5x5m plates on runway and old hexagonal plates on apron and taxiway.
« Last Edit: December 25, 2011, 05:28:41 PM by Niko »
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Offline Niko

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Re: Soviet/ Russian Military Airstrips, Taxiways and Ramps
« Reply #4 on: July 22, 2011, 10:50:05 AM »
5. Concrete plates 2x6m PAG-14, PAG-18 and PAG-20

The latest type of concrete plates with tendency to replace all existing types are the PAG-XX (плиты аэродромной гладкой - smooth airfield plates) plates, where XX can be 14, 18 and 20. Each number is directly related to the plate thickness and represent its thickness in cm. The most widely used is PAG-14 (14cm thick) and after that is PAG-18. PAG-20 have very high load capacity and its use is mainly for some specific demands. PAG plates are designed as modern and versatile solution which can be used in wide variety of situations. These were designed for easy and fast application as well as for easy and fast replacement in case of emergency. Plates are reinforced with high quality prestressed steel, which allows application on semi-prepared surfaces without affecting the load capacity.

The working surface of the plates, produced on "upward" surface, should be rough. A surface roughness are obtained by processing of this surface by nylon brushes or a canvas tape (after compacting of concrete). An example of this surface is visible on the photo of eastern Taxiway of Soviet Air Force Base Panevezys (Советской авиабазе Паневежис).
The working surface of the plates, produced on "downward" surface, should have grooves. Grooved surface is formed by the use of a steel plates bottom of pan shape with rhombic ribs in accordance with GOST 8568. Examle is vizible on the photo of southwest Taxiway of Soviet Air Force Base Panevezys (Советской авиабазе Паневежис).
Ribs on the steel plate are arranged in a way that the big diagonal of a rhombus was perpendicular to a longitudinal axis of a plate.
The depth of corrugation must be at least 1.5 mm, except in case of consumer special demands, when plates can be manufactured with corrugation depth of no less then 1.2 mm.
Dimension of the PAG-14 plate and of the hanging points are given in the following drawings. All dimensions are in millimeters.
PAG-18 and PAG-20 dimensions are 2x6m as well, but with thickness of 18 and 20 cm respectively. Dimensions of hanging points are different and are given in the next drawings.
The plates must be installed with a gap between the plates of maximum 30mm. Space between the plates is filled with bitumen of specific type.
On following photos is Airstrip of Pereyaslavka (Переяславка) air base with 18 PAG-14 plates width.


« Last Edit: August 18, 2011, 02:04:04 AM by Niko »
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Offline Niko

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Re: Soviet/ Russian Military Airstrips, Taxiways and Ramps
« Reply #5 on: July 22, 2011, 01:02:27 PM »
All suggestions are welcomed. Article is subject to further modification and improvements!

Nikola

« Last Edit: August 18, 2011, 02:14:38 AM by Niko »
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Offline ron

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Re: Soviet/ Russian Military Airstrips, Taxiways and Ramps
« Reply #6 on: August 01, 2011, 02:00:53 AM »
Great info!

Now I know where to put my su-21 on in the near future
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